Stirring the pot of history

How dissent and heterodoxy in the 12th century made modern Europe

The 12th and 13th centuries in Europe were a kaleidoscope of ideas, conflicts, and intellectual fireworks—a time when orthodoxy had to fight tooth and nail to maintain its grip.

Far from being an era of serene doctrinal harmony, it was a period where reason and faith collided, heresy flourished, and even the calendar couldn’t escape scrutiny.

If the Mid…